Aesara of Lucania (Greek: Αἰσάρα Aisara) (fl. 400BC - 300BC) was a Pythagorean philosopher and attested author of On Human Nature, a fragment of which is preserved by Stobaeus. The authorship has been contested, most notably by Holger Thesleff in a critical note to the Greek text. Thesleff suggests that the attribution by Stobaeus to Aesara (a feminine name) is an emendation error in the manuscript. He attributes it instead to Aresas, a male writer from Lucania who is also mentioned by Iamblichus in his Life of Pythagoras.