The U.S. State of Colorado has 273 active municipalities, comprising 198 towns, 73 cities, and two consolidated city and county governments. The City and County of Denver, the state capital, is the oldest municipality in Colorado. On December 3, 1859, the extralegal Territory of Jefferson granted a charter to the consolidated City of Denver, Auraria, and Highland. The Town of Keystone, incorporated on February 8, 2024, is the newest Colorado municipality.

Colorado municipalities range in population from the City and County of Denver with a 2020 population of 715,522, to the Town of Carbonate, which has had no year-round population since the 1890 Census due to its severe winter weather and difficult access. The City of Black Hawk with a 2020 population of 127 is the least populous Colorado city, while the Town of Castle Rock with a 2020 population of 73,158 is the most populous Colorado town.

At the 2020 United States Census, 4,299,942 of the 5,773,714 Colorado residents (74.47%) lived in one of the 271 municipalities active at the time. Another 714,417 residents (12.37%) lived in one of the 210 census-designated places, while the remaining 759,355 residents (13.15%) lived in the many rural and mountainous areas of the state.

In 2020, only 1,968 square miles (5,097 km²) of Colorado's 103,642 square miles (268,431 km²) of land area (1.90%) were incorporated in the 271 active municipalities. The City of Colorado Springs with 195 square miles (506 km²) of land area was the most extensive municipality, while the Town of Sawpit with 19 acres (0.078 km²) of land area was the least extensive. The City of Glendale with a 2020 population density of 8,117 residents per square mile (3,134/km²) was the most densely populated municipality, while the Town of Bonanza with a 2020 population density of 38 residents per square mile (15/km²) was the least densely populated municipality after Carbonate.